Salzburg is Austria’s fourth-largest city, famous for its beautiful alpine scenery, baroque architecture, and deep cultural roots. Being the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the setting for the famous film The Sound of Music, Salzburg combines historical grandeur with vibrant modern life. Whether you are a history buff, music lover, or nature enthusiast, Salzburg has something to offer. Here’s a comprehensive guide to this enchanting city.
A Brief History of Salzburg
Salzburg, like any other place, had its beginning with the Romans as Juvavum. Salzburg rose to prominence during the Middle Ages with the rich salt mines that filled its grounds and earned it the name “Salt Fortress.” Salzburg became an artistic and architectural gem under the Prince-Archbishops, who ruled it. The historic centre of Salzburg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, symbolizing the glory of baroque and ecclesiastical influences.
The history of Salzburg begins as far back as prehistory. Archaeological evidence shows that this region has been inhabited as far back as the Neolithic period. Nonetheless, it was the Roman Empire when the settlement of Juvavum began to be founded in the 1st century BC. Juvavum became a crucial administrative centre in the province of Noricum and thrived with its central location on all important trade routes. The decay of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD had a gradual desertion of Juvavum, which then remained in disrepair for hundreds of years.
Medieval Revival and Emergence of Prince-Archbishops
By the 7th century, Salzburg saw a resurgence with the coming of Saint Rupert in the region in about 696 CE. He is said to have restored the city as a religious centre and founded the Benedictine Monastery of St. Peter, one of the oldest continuously active monasteries in the world. Rupert’s influence set the foundation for Salzburg’s future as an ecclesiastical city.
Salzburg was a very important fortress throughout the Middle Ages, as its richness came from salt mines spread throughout that territory. In fact, the name “Salt Fortress” does better justice to its economic dependence on this precious commodity. The Prince-Archbishops ruled Salzburg and constructed its magnificent churches, palaces, and fortifications-a unique amalgam of political and religious leaders. Among them was Archbishop Gebhard, who, in 1077, launched the construction of the Hohensalzburg Fortress, the largest and the best-preserved medieval castle complex in Europe.
The Golden Age of Salzburg
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Salzburg was at the peak of its prosperity under Prince-Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron. They contributed much to making Salzburg the baroque city that it is today. Motivated by Italian architectural styles, they hired great architects to design the Salzburg Cathedral, Mirabell Palace, and several churches and public squares.
Salt mining, trade, and patronizing arts continued to grow the economy of Salzburg. It was in this era that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756, which helped solidify Salzburg’s place in the history of culture. The Prince-Archbishops’ influence persisted until the early 19th century when Salzburg lost its independence.
Salzburg in Modern Times
Salzburg was secularized in 1803 due to the Napoleonic Wars. The city kept changing hands from Bavaria to Austria several times. In 1816, Salzburg became permanently annexed to Austria. Salzburg, though losing political importance, was still an important cultural and historical place. World War II resulted in bombings of the city but miraculously managed to preserve most of its baroque heritage.
Salzburg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a global tourist destination today. What the city is known for is its music festivals, historic charm, and breathtaking landscapes, making it a place where history, culture, and natural beauty harmoniously coexist.
Best Time to Visit Salzburg
Salzburg is a year-round destination, but the best time to visit depends on your interests:
Spring (March-May)
Spring is one of the most picturesque seasons in Salzburg. As winter ends, the entire city transforms by regaining its vibrant flowers and the lush greenery in the gardens and parks. During this season, one must not miss visiting the Mirabell Gardens. The temperatures are friendly to spending time outdoors while researching Old Town on foot. Crowd levels are also relatively scarce as compared to those present during the peak months of summer so the experience is more relaxed. The Easter Festival is full of classical music performances to create an intricate charm in the city.
Summer (June-August)
Salzburg is very bustling due to its hectic tourist season that falls during summer with the warm weather and various cultural events happening simultaneously. The highlight of the season would be the Salzburg Festival, a festival that is renowned for its performance and audiences from all over the world. Open-air concerts, opera performances, and theatre productions take place throughout the city. Other activities that one can enjoy in this city include a boat ride up the Salzach River, hiking in the nearby Alps, and beer garden hopping. The summer months mean more people, so early reservations are necessary to avoid overbooking.
Fall Season (September-November)
Autumn in Salzburg is also magical when the whole city is drenched in golden light. The fall foliage is very beautiful, especially in parks and along the banks of the Salzach River. This is also a good time for wine and food lovers, as there are several harvest festivals. The Rupertikirtag, a traditional fair held in September, celebrates Salzburg’s patron saint with food stalls, rides, and live music. During this season, the cooler weather and fewer tourists make it a great time for sightseeing and exploring the nearby attractions like the Salzkammergut Lake district.
Winter-December to February
In the winter season, Salzburg becomes a fairytale destination with snow-covered rooftops and twinkling lights. Europe’s oldest Christmas Market is in Salzburg, offering the right amount of festive treats, handcrafted presents, and mulled wine. Winter sports fans can enjoy the city’s proximity to the world-class ski resorts in the Austrian Alps. The Mozart Week Festival in January is a great way to honour the composer with classical concerts and operas. Winter is cold, but it is indeed magical.
Top Attractions in Salzburg
Hohensalzburg Fortress
This fortress is one of the best-preserved medieval castles in Europe, located on Festungsberg hill. Visitors can explore its museums, admire breathtaking views of the city, and learn about Salzburg’s military history. Built-in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, the fortress played a crucial role in defending the city. Today, it houses exhibitions showcasing medieval weaponry, historical artefacts, and the life of Salzburg’s rulers. The funicular ride up to the fortress is a scenic journey but adventurous visitors can hike through, rewarding with panoramic views.
Mozart’s Birthplace and Residence
Mozart was born here at No. 9 Getreidegasse in 1756. His family home has recently been converted into a museum where people can see remnants from his life. Another useful place that tracks the legacy of Mozart is his residence, now turned into the Mozart Residence Museum. It showcases original manuscripts written by him or for him and also portraits and musical instruments he used. More celebrations of Salzburg’s most brilliant child are done through Mozart Week and outdoor concerts. Tours are very important places for music students.
Mirabell Palace and Garden
Mirabell Palace was built in 1606 and is an outstanding example of baroque architecture. Its gardens, which gained international fame for their role in The Sound of Music, are perfect for a stroll. Geometrically arranged flowerbeds, fountains, and sculptures adorn the palace’s gardens. In the palace itself, the Marble Hall hosts weddings and concerts as part of the city’s great musical tradition. The Pegasus Fountain and the Dwarf Garden are among the favourite spots for visitors and photographers.
Salzburg Cathedral
A gorgeous example of baroque architecture, the Salzburg Cathedral or Dom zu Salzburg marks the place where Mozart was baptized. Its resplendent interiors and imposing façade are not to be missed. The striking dome of the cathedral, the intricate frescoes, and the magnificent pipe organ make for an awe-inspiring ambience. The tombs of former Prince-Archbishops are housed in the crypt, and the adjacent DomQuartier museum offers further insight into Salzburg’s religious and artistic heritage.
Getreidegasse
This is the charming shopping street in the Old Town, featuring wrought-iron signs, traditional Austrian boutiques, and old buildings. The narrow, cobbled street features beautifully preserved medieval facades with everything from luxury brands to local craft shops. Hidden courtyards and passageways lead visitors through Salzburg’s rich history. Café culture thrives here, where traditional Austrian coffeehouses serve delectable pastries like Sachertorte and Apfelstrudel.
The Sound of Music Connection
Salzburg is forever linked to The Sound of Music, the classic 1965 film starring Julie Andrews. Visitors can take The Sound of Music tour to see famous filming locations, including:
Leopoldskron Palace (Captain von Trapp’s home)
The stunningly beautiful rococo-style mansion, Leopoldskron Palace, was the exterior of the home of the von Trapp family. Nestled beside a calm lake, it affords the most beautiful views of the Alps. The elegant façade and gardens of the palace were very much part of the movie; therefore, it is one of the most photographed places. The interior of the palace was not used in the film, but still, the grandeur of the property and its scenic surroundings can be admired by visitors.
Nonnberg Abbey (Where Maria was a novice)
Dating back to the 8th century, Nonnberg Abbey is one of Salzburg’s oldest sites. In The Sound of Music, Maria starts out as a postulant here before being sent to be a governess for the von Trapp children. In real life, Maria von Trapp also spent time at this abbey. Its medieval courtyard and Romanesque architecture are to be seen and admired from panoramic views of Salzburg.
Hellbrunn Palace Feat. Iconic Gazebo
Hellbrunn Palace is famous for its beautiful gardens and the Sound of Music gazebo, where the song “Sixteen Going on Seventeen” was filmed. Originally built as a pleasure palace for Prince-Archbishop Markus Sittikus in the 17th century, Hellbrunn is known for its trick fountains and elaborate water displays. The gazebo has since been relocated within the palace grounds for visitors to experience a piece of cinematic history.
Mirabell Gardens (Do-Re-Mi Scene)
One of Salzburg’s most popular landmarks, Mirabell Gardens is where Maria and the von Trapp children sing “Do-Re-Mi.” The Pegasus Fountain, flower-lined walkways, and grand staircases were all featured in this scene. Today, the gardens remain a favorite among tourists with great photo opportunities and a chance to relive the magic of the movie.
Salzburg’s Culinary Delights
Austrian cuisine is rich and flavorful, and Salzburg has its own specialities that one should not leave unattempted.
Salzburger Nockerl
This iconic Salzburg dessert is a light and airy soufflé, resembling the peaks of the surrounding mountains. Made from egg yolks, sugar, and flour, Salzburger Nockerl is baked to a golden brown and dusted with powdered sugar. It is typically served with a berry compote, adding a refreshing tartness to the dish. Despite its delicate texture, this dessert is incredibly satisfying and a must-try for those with a sweet tooth.
Mozartkugel
Named after the city’s most famous resident, Mozartkugel (Mozart Ball) is a delicious chocolate confection filled with marzipan and nougat. Developed in 1890 by Salzburg confectioner Paul Fürst, the treats are still made by hand at Café Konditorei Fürst. The rich taste of chocolate and nutty nougat blended with almond marzipan will make for an indulgent luxurious bite-sized delight. While the mass-produced version is available, the original Mozartkugel, made by hand, is the best way to experience this classic treat.
Kasnocken
The epitome of Austrian comfort food, Kasnocken are cheesy dumplings served with crispy fried onions. Small dumplings tossed in melted cheese (usually a regional speciality like Bergkäse), this dish is hearty and satisfying. It’s usually served with a side of fresh salad to balance the richness. Kasnocken is found in Salzburg’s alpine huts and traditional taverns, offering a taste of Austrian home-style cooking.
Schnitzel
Schnitzel is a staple in Austrian cuisine: breaded and fried meat, traditionally veal (Wiener Schnitzel) or pork. It’s usually served with potato salad, lingonberry jam, or a slice of lemon for a bit of zest. The crispy golden crust and tender meat make Schnitzel a favourite of locals and tourists alike. Most restaurants in Salzburg offer this classic meal in traditional and modern variations.
Day Excursions from Salzburg
Salzburg offers access to some of the country’s most beautiful attractions, each packed with different styles and amazing landscapes.
Hallstatt: A Fairy Tale of a Lakeside Village
Hallstatt is among Austria’s most beautiful villages as it is classified under the UNESCO World Heritage. It sits between the Hallstätter See and the giant Dachstein mountains, famous for its 16th-century alpine houses, the old salt mine, and the dramatic Hallstatt Ossuary. Visitors can travel across the pristine lake, explore the funicular ride through to the salt mines, or view the wonderful view from Skywalk. The most magical destination and serene hideout from urban living is found at Hallstatt.
Eagle’s Nest
On the mountain called Kehlstein standing tall at an elevation of 1,834 meters, was this Eagle’s Nest, (Kehlsteinhaus), once built by Adolf Hitler as his retreat. It’s a historical site restaurant today with stunning panoramic views over the Bavarian Alps. The journey to the Eagle’s Nest is itself an adventure, with a scenic ride in a bus along steep roads and a lift cutting through the heart of the mountain, with clear days offering distant views as far as Salzburg and beyond. It is also a place of historical importance as well as natural beauty.
Werfen Ice Caves: The Largest Ice Caves in the World
The Werfen Ice Caves (Eisriesenwelt) are an impressive natural phenomenon located approximately 40 km from Salzburg. The caves cover a distance of 42 km, but only a small section is open to visitors. The guided tour takes visitors through towering ice formations, frozen waterfalls, and vast ice palaces, all illuminated with traditional carbide lamps. Due to the cold temperatures inside, warm clothing and sturdy shoes are recommended. The caves offer a surreal experience and are a must-visit for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike.
Berchtesgaden National Park: A Paradise for Nature Lovers
Just across the German border lies an outdoor haven with Berchtesgaden National Park. Beautiful Königssee Lake along with the mountain landscape and green-veiled valley make this destination perfect for long hikes, stunning photography, or wildlife observation tours. The key attraction here involves a boat trip on the gorgeous emerald water of Königssee- stopping by iconic St. Bartholomew’s Church would be the primary highlight. An ideal day in the wild in Berchtesgaden; can prove to be restful yet thrill-filled at its best.
Travel Tips
To have an easy and delightful trip, there are some valuable travel tips for visiting Salzburg.
Currency
Austria operates on the Euro (€). Credit and debit cards are quite accepted, although it is worth carrying some cash for smaller purchases, especially for rural areas and local markets.
Language
German is the official language in Austria, though English is generally spoken in Salzburg, particularly in tourist areas, hotels, and restaurants. Knowing a few basic German words, such as Danke (thank you) and Guten Tag (good day), can make your visit even more enjoyable.
Transport
Salzburg has a well-organized public transport system that consists of buses and trams. Tickets are available at kiosks, ticket machines, or directly from the driver. Walking is also an excellent way to discover the city since most attractions are within walking distance of each other.
Salzburg Card
The Salzburg Card is an excellent investment for tourists, offering free entry to major attractions, unlimited public transport, and discounts on tours. Available for 24, 48, or 72 hours, this card provides great value and convenience for visitors looking to make the most of their time in Salzburg.
Salzburg is a city that harmonizes history, music, and nature so well. Whether you want to explore the city’s baroque landmarks, savour Austrian specialities, or indulge in the world of Mozart and The Sound of Music, Salzburg promises never to be forgotten. So pack your bags and fall in love with this sparkling city!
